Bone Augmentation Techniques – What Options Does Modern Dentistry Offer?

26 June 2025

Tooth loss or changes in the occlusal structure often lead to a reduction in jawbone volume. This issue progresses over time and significantly complicates the dental implantation procedure, as sufficient bone volume and density are required to ensure the stable fixation of the implant. Fortunately, modern dentistry offers a variety of bone augmentation methods that make it possible to restore lost bone tissue and create a solid foundation for implantation.

Bone augmentation, or bone grafting, is a surgical procedure aimed at increasing the volume and density of the jawbone. This is particularly important in cases where the patient presents with bone deficiency caused by tooth extraction, infection, trauma, or periodontitis. Bone augmentation not only ensures implant stability but also promotes proper osseointegration (fusion with the bone).

Contemporary Approaches to Bone Augmentation

In modern dentistry, there are several main bone augmentation methods, which are selected individually based on the patient's needs and the degree of bone deficiency. One of the most common approaches is Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR), during which a special membrane is placed in the area of the bone defect. This membrane forms a barrier that prevents the growth of soft tissues (gingiva), allowing bone cells to multiply freely and form new bone tissue. GBR is often used either in parallel with implantation or beforehand.

In cases of significant bone volume deficiency, an effective method is bone block transplantation. In this procedure, a small block of bone is harvested from another area of the patient's body (e.g., the lower jaw or chin). The transplanted block is fixed with special screws and gradually integrates with the existing bone tissue.

In the posterior maxilla, where vertical bone deficiency is often observed due to the absence of teeth (as the floor of the maxillary sinus descends), the Sinus Lift procedure is employed. In this case, the sinus membrane is gently elevated, and bone substitute material is placed into the resulting space. There are two main types of sinus lifts: the open sinus lift, which is more invasive and used in cases of significant deficiency, and the closed sinus lift, which is less invasive and used for smaller additions of bone.

For a narrow alveolar ridge, dentistry offers the bone spreading/splitting method. In this procedure, the jawbone is split longitudinally and expanded to create enough space for the implant. Bone substitute material is then placed in the resulting gap. It is worth noting that bone augmentation procedures often involve the use of artificial or animal-derived bone substitute materials (biomaterials). These materials may be used alone or in combination with the patient’s own bone.

Stages of the Bone Augmentation Procedure

The bone augmentation procedure typically consists of several important stages. First, detailed diagnostics are performed, including 3D computed tomography (CBCT). This examination provides a three-dimensional image of the jawbone, allowing precise assessment of the degree and volume of bone deficiency and identification of the best location for implantation. Based on the obtained data, the implantologist selects the most appropriate method and develops an individualized treatment plan.

The surgical intervention is performed under local anesthesia in sterile conditions. Depending on the chosen method, bone transplantation or placement of bone substitute material is carried out. After the procedure, the healing period begins, which is necessary for the formation and stabilization of new bone tissue. This period may last from 4 to 9 months, depending on the method used and the patient’s individual characteristics. Upon successful completion of the healing phase, once the bone has sufficiently consolidated, dental implant placement becomes possible.

The variety of bone augmentation techniques in modern dentistry allows us to offer implant-based tooth restoration to almost all patients, regardless of the initial condition of their bone. At “Blits Dental – Kakhaber Kharebava Clinic,” we utilize the latest methods and materials in bone augmentation to ensure the complete functional and aesthetic restoration of your smile. Our experienced specialists will develop a personalized treatment plan and provide you with high-quality care.